![]() ![]() Food sources of proteins include meats, dairy products, seafood, and various plant-based foods, most notably soy. Amino acids are simple subunits composed of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Proteins are macromolecules composed of chains of subunits called amino acids. Glycogen and starch are complex carbohydrates. In humans, the storage molecule of carbohydrates is called glycogen, and in plants, it is known as starch. As mentioned, glucose can be stored in the body for future use. Besides providing energy and serving as building blocks for bigger macromolecules, carbohydrates are essential for the nervous system’s proper functioning, heart, and kidneys. One gram of digestible carbohydrates yields four kilocalories of energy for the body’s cells to perform work. As a result, it passes through the digestive tract undigested unless the bacteria that inhabit the colon or large intestine break it down. Fiber is also a complex carbohydrate, but digestive enzymes cannot break it down in the human intestine. Glucose is then transported to all our cells, stored, used to make energy, or used to build macromolecules. During digestion, the body breaks down digestible complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, mostly glucose. Examples of simple sugars include sucrose, the type of sugar you would have in a bowl on the breakfast table, and glucose, the type of sugar that circulates in your blood.Ĭomplex carbohydrates are long chains of simple sugars that can be unbranched or branched. Simple carbohydrates consist of one or two basic units. Carbohydrates are broadly classified into two forms based on their chemical structure: simple carbohydrates, simple sugars, and complex carbohydrates. Non-starchy vegetables also contain carbohydrates but in lesser quantities. ![]() The major food sources of carbohydrates are grains, milk, fruits, and starchy vegetables, like potatoes. carbohydratesĬarbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Water is also a macronutrient in the sense that you require a large amount of it, but unlike the other macronutrients, it does not provide calories. On the Nutrition Facts panel, the calories within a particular food are expressed as kilocalories, which is commonly denoted as “Calories” with a capital “C” (1 kcal = 1 Calorie = 1,000 calories). A kilocalorie (Calorie) is the amount of heat generated by a particular macronutrient that raises the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius. On nutrition food labels, the amount given for “calories” is actually equivalent to each calorie multiplied by one thousand. A unit of measurement of food energy is the calorie. This chemical energy is converted into cellular energy used to perform work, allowing our bodies to conduct their basic functions. The energy from macronutrients comes from their chemical bonds. ![]() These can be metabolically processed into cellular energy. There are three classes of macronutrients: carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Nutrients that are needed in large amounts are called macronutrients. Transports essential nutrients to all body parts, transports waste products for disposal, and aids with body temperature maintenance. Regulate body processes, are necessary for proper cellular function, and comprise body tissue. Regulate body processes and promote normal body-system functions. It provides insulation to vital organs and works to maintain body temperature. Provides stored energy for the body, functions as structural components of cells, and signaling molecules for proper cellular communication. Provide a ready source of energy for the body and provide structural constituents for the formation of cells. It is essential for building strong muscles and a healthy immune system. Necessary for tissue formation, cell reparation, and hormone and enzyme production. Key Functions of the 6 Essential Nutrients Protein ![]()
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